Ceremonial constitutional monarchies (crowned democracy): Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Jamaica, Japan, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Tuvalu, United Kingdom and United Kingdom. Constitutional executive monarchies: Bhutan, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Morocco and Tonga. The oldest constitutional monarchy in antiquity was that of the Hittites. They were an ancient Anatolian people who lived in the Bronze Age, whose king or queen had to share their authority with an assembly called Panku, which amounted to a modern consultative or legislative assembly. Members of the Panku came from scattered noble families who worked as representatives of their subjects in a federal adjutant or subordinate landscape. [6] [7] A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen rules with the limits of his or her power as well as a governing body (i.e. parliament), leading to the modern saying “the queen governs but does not govern”. A constitutional monarchy could form in England through different periods of history for a complex combination of reasons: sometimes due to a lack of strong leadership, and at other times because of strong leaders who lacked financial resources, who had to raise money to wage war, and who had to respond to public grievances to ensure that that money was available. Historically, the English had not believed in the “divine right of kings”: since the Magna Carta in 1215, the monarchy was considered an instrument of treaty policy. In the 17th century, the abuses of power of the Stuart dynasty and their attempts to import the doctrine of “divine law” from Scotland led the English to challenge royal authority and revive earlier protections against executive power. Parliament took several important steps to limit the king`s power. They revived the English instrument of impeachment, which held the king`s ministers accountable for his actions; Therefore, the king`s servants could be executed for implementing unpopular policies. They forced Charles I to sign the petition of right, which claimed that the king should go through parliament to pass new laws, taxes, etc.

After signing the petition de droit, Charles I immediately ignored it, triggering the English Civil Wars and the eventual beheading of the king for treason. This sent a message to the future monarchs of England that they did not have absolute power. During the reign of Charles II, Parliament adopted habeas corpus. The law of habeas corpus stipulated that any prisoner captured by the king should be brought to justice. This prevented the king from simply eliminating his enemies by sending them to prison. When James II ascended the throne, many people did not appreciate it when he flaunted his Catholicism. Therefore, Parliament once again flexed its muscles and asked William of Orange to overthrow the king. William and his wife Mary came from the Netherlands and overthrew James II without bloodshed. This is what has been called the “Glorious Revolution”. After William and Mary took control of the throne, they fully supported the constitutional monarchy. Together, they signed the Bill of Rights, which severely limited the king`s power and gave his subjects more freedom. One of the proponents of constitutional monarchy was John Locke.

He wrote in his “Treatises on Government” that direct democracy was the best form of government. He wrote that people are capable of improving and governing, and that people have three main rights. These rights are life, liberty and property, and it is the task of the government to protect these rights. He also wrote that if government is unjust, the people have the right to overthrow it, a doctrine invoked during the American Revolution. “Constitutional Monarchy.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/constitutional%20monarchy. Retrieved 14 January 2022. Other advocates of constitutional monarchies argue that royal families promote tourism and are a (key) tradition associated with patriotism and national pride. For example, in many constitutional monarchies, the monarch`s birthday is a national holiday and an event marked by public patriotic events and holidays. In recent years, many royal families have also become popular targets of tabloid journalism and gossip, which, while often seen as intrusive and destructive, continue to prove that many members of the royal family simply find interesting as celebrities.

Another argument speculates that abolishing a popular monarchy could be a useless endeavor anyway, since even a “deposed” royal family could probably still live its royal lifestyle and attract public attention, making any republican replacement illegitimate.