The examination of wounds on the living and corpses is, without contradiction, the most common source of reports made in court. In France, expert jurors composed of the ordinary panel of surgeons were appointed because it was believed that they needed all the knowledge necessary to properly account for a matter concerning their profession; And one did not live to decide whether an injury in itself was fatal or accidental, one had to know the breeding from all points of view, and above all, what affected all accidents according to the principle of life. They have become accustomed to consulting the same experts on other matters that are less relevant to them, and their decisions are almost always ill-conceived, have disgusted judges or left them in cruel uncertainty. After the civil war, however, things changed dramatically. Forensic pathology has been temporarily suspended. American professor and Stanford Dean Emerson Chaille expressed his opinion on the deplorable state of medical jurisprudence in the United States. Chaille showed how the teaching of medical jurisprudence had deteriorated by noting that in some medical schools the course had been dropped altogether.9 In others, it had been assigned to a different subject, and in many colleges the teaching of medical students was entrusted to a lawyer without formal training in the medical field.2 Perfect or imperfect fetuses, Monsters, runts, their baptisms. See “abortions”, “monsters”, “baptisms” (forensics) in this supplement. Finally, doctors pay great attention to the protection of the patient`s decisions, and not only in terms of legal liability, which is now established by Law No.

24/2017 [19], but also from an ethical and deontological point of view. The denunciations were made by selected men and are only voluntary witnesses, they are always subject to suspicion and have little authority in justice. It is quite reprehensible, even by abuse, that judges in small courts most often grant aggrieved parties an initial provision on the basis of a simple report if the information found is consistent with the report. The natural law and spirit of orders, in case of refusal, any suspicion of admissible evidence, order and order, in the testimony of experts in general, whether called by the judge or by both parties jointly. In fact, the defence counsel most interested in this report has reason to assume, if he is not called, to demand that those who seemed best suited to his intentions were chosen. The ordinary physician and surgeon of the disease are interested in the beneficiaries, and the tenderness of conscience is often less powerful than the common considerations of attachment and love of gain. Elsewhere we find in the useless and the reasons for contestation, which are often found in these reports and consequently in the new discussions, those against visits and the multiplication of expenditure, which are the continuation of it, for new reasons in the refusal of use. It seems to me useful in a medico-legal treatise to take account of the human being in reports; First and foremost with natural law, secondly with civil law, thirdly with religious law. If he finds striking contradictions between this variety of relationships or between the resulting laws, it is not for the physician to reconcile them, but they must be adduced as evidence. The examination of nannies, vaccination.

See “vaccination” (forensics) in this supplement. Precautions to follow when preparing a good report. One gets the impression that the nature of the subject of the report determines the number and type of precautions to be followed to do so properly. Various articles on forensic pathology can be consulted on this subject, which are included in this supplement; However, it is the essential generalities that find their natural place in this article. Dr. Benjamin Rush is credited with emphasizing the importance of the relationship between law and medicine in the early 1800s. As the nation`s first surgeon general and signer of the Declaration of Independence, Rush established American forensic medicine with his published lecture “On the Study of Medical Jurisprudence,” which he gave to medical students at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1811. The conference focused on murder, mental illness, and the death penalty.15 In 1982, the American Board of Legal Medicine was created to conduct examinations for people with law and medical degrees. Since then, this council has certified about 250 MD/JD in forensic medicine. These audits take place annually. Other specialty groups that may be relevant to MDs/JDs include the American College of Physician Executives and the American College of Quality Assurance.10 CMLA is the oldest and most prestigious American organization dedicated to problems at the intersection of medicine and law. Its members are professionals in medicine, osteopathy and related sciences, including dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, podiatry, psychology and law.

The CMLA has published a scientific journal, the Journal of Legal Medicine, since 1973. In 1988, CMLA also published the first edition of Legal Medicine; The sixth edition was published in 2004.10 While organizational aspects may differ in hospitals, the process that ultimately leads to obtaining an expert opinion usually begins when a physician or other health care professional asks a question about medico-legal issues. Forensic pathologists can answer this question orally or in simple cases by telephone and, in more difficult cases, in writing after a patient visit. In our hospital, the forensic service offers 24-hour clinical support and the issues raised in the various medical services are taken care of by the on-call expert. Forensic experts on request can be contacted directly via the mobile service or the designated office to receive the forms requesting medico-legal opinions. Thanks to the close collaboration between doctors and forensic experts, some of them can also be contacted directly by colleagues to whom they have already advised in a similar case. Forensic medicine is medicine applied to the problems of the law. The origins of both are hidden in the mists of antiquity and date back to the beginnings of family and tribal life. The recorded history of mankind goes back 6000 years. Sumer, Babylon and Egypt all contributed to the development of forensic medicine.

Imhotep was probably the first true forensic expert. Hippocrates, the Greek physician, and Galen, the Roman, made considerable contributions. Little progress was made during the millennium of the Middle Ages. But Renaissance medicine gave impetus to this branch of medicine in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and in the twentieth century interest in forensic medicine was worldwide. The physician, coroner, pathologist, medical specialist and forensic laboratory contribute to the investigation of crimes against the person and the resolution of problems such as identification, unwanted deaths, obvious drownings and many others. A doctor and surgeon who have called the courts to prepare their report on the condition of a corpse must decide what type of death occurred; They determine, at magnification, on the basis of the signs concerning them, whether it is the person whose carcass they are examining who has committed an assassination attempt, or whether this attempt was committed by foreigners. Your decision on these two points often represents the body and nature of the crime, as well as the basis for the verdict, since someone else`s evidence is invalid; It is therefore important to proceed with extreme caution and not to conclude anything after a circumstance other than after having been well convinced that there is nothing that invalidates it.